Associations between maternal stressful life events and perceived distress during pregnancy and child mental health at age 4
Short Summary: This study looked at how maternal stress during pregnancy can affect children's mental health. The researchers found that maternal experiences of objectively stressful events as well as perceived stress were linked to children's mental health, with more stress predicting more mental health problems and worse adaptability. These findings highlight the importance of understanding different types of stress and suggests that family-focused interventions before and after birth could help prevent mental health problems in children.
Scientific Abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that maternal exposure to objectively stressful events and subjective distress during pregnancy may have intergenerational impacts on children's mental health, yet evidence is limited. In a multisite longitudinal cohort (N = 454), we used multi-variable linear regression models to evaluate the predictive value of exposure to stressful events and perceived distress in pregnancy for children's internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and adaptive skills at age 4. We also explored two- and three-way interactions between stressful events, distress, and child sex. Both objective and subjective maternal stress independently predicted children's behavior, with more stressful events and higher distress predicting more internalizing and externalizing problems and worse adaptability; stress types did not significantly interact. There was some evidence that more stressful events predicted higher externalizing behaviors only for girls. Three-way interactions were not significant. The current findings highlight the importance of considering the type of stress measurement being used (e.g., counts of objective event exposure or subjective perceptions), suggest prenatal stress effects may be transdiagnostic, and meet calls for rigor and reproducibility by confirming these independent main effects in a relatively large group of families across multiple U.S. regions. Results point to adversity prevention having a two-generation impact and that pre- and postnatal family-focused intervention targets may help curb the rising rates of children's mental health problems.
Authors: Rudd KL, Cheng SS, Cordeiro A, Coccia M, Karr CJ, LeWinn KZ, Mason WA, Trasande L, Nguyen RHN, Sathyanarayana S, Swan SH, Barrett ES, Bush NR.